Condenser is heat exchanger which have various design and come in many sizes ranging from rather small to very large industrials-scale units used in plant processes. Condenser is mostly used for condensation of vapors in distillation process. Its mounting can be horizontal or vertical. In system involving heat transfer ,condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid stage by cooling it.

A condenser is a crucial component in thermal systems used to convert vapor (typically steam or refrigerant) into liquid by removing heat. It functions based on the principle of heat exchange, where the vapor passes through tubes or coils and is cooled by air or water flowing around it. Condensers are widely used in power plants, refrigeration, air conditioning systems, and chemical processing industries. In power plants, they improve efficiency by condensing exhaust steam from turbines, enabling reuse of water and maintaining vacuum conditions. In refrigeration and HVAC systems, condensers release heat absorbed from the interior space to the outside environment. Common types of condensers include air-cooled, water-cooled, and evaporative condensers, selected based on application, efficiency, and available resources. Materials used in construction must ensure high thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. Proper maintenance and cleaning are essential for optimal performance, energy efficiency, and longevity of the system.